Ayurveda groups the five elements into three basic types of energy of functional principles that are present in everybody and everything. There are no single words in English to describe these principles so we use the original Sanskrit words Vata, Pitta and Kapha, called the three doshas or tridosha.
Dosha is organisation. Dosha means three principles that govern psychophysiological response and pathological changes. Understanding the doshas allows us to know how to maintain balance in the mind and the body.
Because the doshas are a part of the foundation in Ayurveda, they can really guide you to learn about why you feel act and look the way you do.